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Notes and Discussion. 531
privileges et immunitatibus non gaudeant in eisdem prefatos judeos ad
represalias contra cives illarum Civitatum Terrarum vel locorum quae
incolunt institutas nisi prefatae represaliae eorundem Judeorum causa et
contemplatione fuissent contra illas Civitates Terras vel loca quae inco-
lunt institutas prefatos Judeos non teneri nee eorundem vigore conveniri
debere. Illos autem Judeos dumtaxat hujusmodi protectionis presidio
volumus communiri qui nicbil machinari presumpserint in subversione
fidei memoratas. Nulli ergo etc. nostras constitutionis privilegii decreti
statuti et Voluntatis infringere, etc. Si quis, etc. Datum Romas apud
Sanctum Petrum Anno Incarnationia dominicae millesimo quadrigen-
tesimo tricesimo tertio Octavo Idus Februarii anno secundo.
A. Neubauer.
A Fragment of an Account of Persecutions. — Jewish cbronicles
contain naturally among historical data also those of calamities which
befell Jewish congregations only too often. There are special chronicles
for this subject, e.g., by Judah ibn Verga (TJie Hod of Judah), by Joseph
Cohen, of Avignon (The Valley of Weeping), by Samuel ben Nathan
{Mire of Clay), and other authors. The so-called Memorbuch (book of
reminiscence) contains lists of martyrs of various congregations. Of
these, that^ of Mayence is the oldest and the most celebrated (see
lievne des Mvdes Juives, t. iv, page 1 sq.), but there are many others pre-
served in other congregations. Finally, manuscript prayer books, con-
taining smaller or larger lists of names of countries and localities where
persecutions degenerated into slaughters took place ; these lists are
usually followed by a prayer for the victims in general, mostly be-
ginning with 113T\ Those lists are not only of importance for Jewish
history, but also for mediaeval Jewish geography. The fragment which
we are going to publish has a special interest by having the years when
the massacres took place. It is to be found in a miscellaneous MS. of
the Hamburg Library, No. 70 u , in Dr. Steinschneider's Catalogue of the
MSS. of this Library, Hamburg, 1878, page 32. Dr. Steinschneider
gives, as is usual in catalogues, the beginning and the end of the frag-
ment ; it is preceded by a liturgy, of which the beginning is wanting,
and finishing with the words ni?D7 rt31Dn J13n V N'3. The anonymous
copyist made certainly use of David Gans's chronicle (Sprout of David),
but he also gives some additional data, altogether fifty-three calamities,
of which only the last nine are preserved in the MS. Possibly that the
anonymous writer made also use of Efodi's lost treatise, entitled JUST
miDBTI (Memorial of forced conversions), ingeniously recognised in
quotations from it by Professor Graetz in his great history of the Jews,
t. VIII. note I., page 404 sqq.
The incomplete text is the following: —
-\mb -oyo D'B3K>n rrwy njHoo ndh 'osixin im ^njioiid wind
DHirvn tin (ms. »wy) wy wn sfrsh n"e> nxnw irnxi o^miNn : \m
DHirvn 73 itjnjru 3'itni pc e>itp bv ibisw d^ii d?vb rwiD3B>
nj? oa mv "W) D'3T nny idiw onirrn bv 'bbw mm rwionD
■w njEoe> ne>om onniKi jooipo? nm tki unh pain?) mm ii3nx>
.1W1 D'1?31K1 : N^DN pK 733 D^NXDJn 11110 J n 73 1B1B0 Wil ffrxb
M M 2
532 The Jeurish Quarterly Review.
37TK1 JNIS TJD DHin^HD DnBDH ^3 l^>tM WH (|^ B»»e> nXO^
Sa itroru Von nxae' njne>i D^nnKi :jrvnao D»na 3"y isneo
oqnnto : ddipd^> nrnm ynttw ny errs runoDi atna -wd nmrrn
noai pnnyo riJHDi nt?K omn^ mx ny rrn y6b> nxae> ruion
n*De> rue>3e> nyern D^nnao not? ne>inp b isneo ^\xne»D me>Bi
3-3B» rutsa D^om : nvb new ^3 n?3i pa n^ya new dhwh ^o ie>an
n»n nxae* nnNi D^>Dm : j^pra new dhwa ^>a lenaro wn s£*6
njHoa ^kt^d me^ d*b^k hsd noa natoi itaneoi unnj wn r^t6
n3*oe> no na^> ninrasi me>pi nwo mn»» wd Saa inoim jD"n
jd wxim naDJi new pioi o*pinn nisnso ien:in:.e> mown pa
d*s^k noa lone^i unnj wn 0*6 t3»n nueae' o^e>i o^oni : ^>ar»
*£t6 roan ratnv ne6e>i D^om : n»ajNi D^yn Waa pSia runoa
aym ain nan ana n\ni ppi Snj p^ia runoa VnJi an jnn rrn wn
iVn Sa : unru D*e>np ni^np noai birwn niB'aj d^bSk noa inawi
why nsye* no naS wewn hv mayi wnw ikxd new ■h dttu nmn
roman Saa ernp, oya iyja -ex naote itsxy on »a ^ iyno vh new
xaitampa ataxias (so) w^inaa x^oops k^vxs nnaoa tsnaa
orvaa uaews ntd^3N3 tavonias nanxs noi Dna3 .ydjo N»n3n33
(?) ann f)V3 Sktd pnDnwtaen ^ccnpi psnp3 pn^isi "pnoDta pnnyoi
po"m p^iB3 D^ne^B pto ^331 e>ni nnxos ^Dnjim pjnn pm ps«3i
: ^ lynu k^> -cn nvatai nirno nscsi oioni n^t<t3^3 p*3i
The forced converts of Portugal and David the Reubenite, who came
from the land of the Ten Tribes, which is situated on the other side of
the river Gozan. (See this Quarterly, Vol. I., page 408.)
44th. In the year 5301 (1541) they tortured the Jews of Bohemia,
where many were burnt for the sake of thine holy name ; they were
then driven out from this country on the ground that they had set fire
to many towns, but when it was proved later to be untrue, they were
allowed to return.
45th. In the year 5314 (1554) all the copies of the Talmud were burnt
in Italy.
46th. In the year 5319 (1559) all the books were taken away from the
Jews at Prague, and seventy-two of their houses were burnt.
47th. In the same year the Jews were exiled from Prague and
Bohemia, but they were allowed to return there.
48th. In the year 5334 (1574) there was a great calamity to the Jews
in Moravia, and many of them were burnt for thine holy name.
49th. In the year 5348 (1588) all the Jews were seized at Bonn, and
their property was plundered.
50th. In the year 5352 (1592) all the Jews were driven from Saxony.
51st. In the year 5408 (1648) hundreds and thousands of the Jews
perished in the province of Reissen by cruel deaths, besides those who
were made captives, and sold to far countries, and others who were con-
verted by force.
52nd. In the year 5409 (1649) many thousands of Jews perished in
Chelm and the neighbourhood, in Poland.
53rd. In the year 5415 (1655) slaughters with plague and famine
Notes and Discussion. 533
occurred in Poland, Great and Lesser, when many thousand Jews perished,
and many congregations were completely annihilated.
All these calamities are known to me, besides the many unknown in
Spain (Andalusia), Sicily, Castilia, Barcelona, Toledo, Cordova, Barbary,
Asia, Persia and Media, France, Portugal, England, Germany, Bohemia
and Moravia, Austria and Hungary, Krain (Carintia) and Styria, Tyrol
and Neuburg ?, Bavaria, Transylvania, Turkey, Egypt, Cush, Babylonia,
and the land of the Philistines, in Poland, Reussen, Greece and Rome,
and in other lands unknown to me.
A. Neubauek.
Hosea xiv. 8. — An interesting rendering of the LXX. is to be found
in Hosea, chap, xiv., 8, to the words JS33 imQ'l \i1 •1»PI , : . The words
are not easy. Both A. V. and R. V. have : " They shall revive as the
corn, and blossom as the vine," which is distinctly against the pointing
of the first part of the sentence. Ewald translates : " They shall
produce corn."
Now the LXX. renders tfiaovrat km ixe8vo-6ri<rovTai ctit^>. Here
/ic6v(T0!)<roPTai is not only not in the Hebrew text, but its use is most
curious. What is the meaning of, " They shall live and be drunk with
corn." MedvaKa in Greek has the sense of " being drunk " only. The
nearest approach to a similar use is, as Professor Wilkins has noticed to
me, that to be found in the rendering of Psalm xxxvi. 9. \VTf.
"Hp'S i$?'1'? (LXX., Psalm xxxv. 9), where we read, ncOvaSrivovrat. anb
itiotijtos k.t.X ; but here JIM")', is literally translated, and the Hebrew
verb itself is used in a rather unusual sense. The use of peBvo-Ka
in a metaphorical sense goes further than the use of " intoxicate " in
English. We might say of one that he was intoxicated with success ;
we could hardly speak of his being intoxicated with bread.
L. M. Simmons.
An Unknown Hebrew Version of the Sayings of Aesop. — In
the library of the Temple Emanu-el, New York, there is preserved a
MS. 1 by an otherwise unknown Jewish author of the end of the sixteenth
century. Eliyya ben Menahem Rabha, at once the author and the scribe,
lived in Carpi in the Dukedom of Modena. 2 His father resided in Padua,
1 Press-Mark, vii., c. 42.
3 Cfr. Ben, Cliananja, Szegedin, 1866, p. 215 ; Catalogo del Manoseritti
Ebraici dell a Biblioteca delta Communita Israelitica dl Montana, compilato
dal Babbino Maggiore Marco Mortara. Livorno, Tipografia I. Costa e C,
1878, p. 58. (For the use of this little book I am indebted to Dr. S. Morais,
of Philadelphia.) Mortara says that Rabha lived in Padua, but he did not
know of the existence of our MS., which is distinctly stated to have been
written in Carpi. On the title-page we read, WJIIK J17J/0 rptfD.D Jinn
Pl«3 JOK JDK 8B>:rU naD^T K'V IDJIB^N JH D13H. Of course, Alfonso
II. (1559-1597), the persecutor of Tasso, and the last legitimate offspring of
the Italian branch of the Este house, is meant. Cfr. Muratori, Annali
aV Italia, x., pp. 365 ff.
