STOP
Early Journal Content on JSTOR, Free to Anyone in the World
This article is one of nearly 500,000 scholarly works digitized and made freely available to everyone in
the world by JSTOR.
Known as the Early Journal Content, this set of works include research articles, news, letters, and other
writings published in more than 200 of the oldest leading academic journals. The works date from the
mid-seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries.
We encourage people to read and share the Early Journal Content openly and to tell others that this
resource exists. People may post this content online or redistribute in any way for non-commercial
purposes.
Read more about Early Journal Content at http://about.jstor.org/participate-jstor/individuals/early-
journal-content .
JSTOR is a digital library of academic journals, books, and primary source objects. JSTOR helps people
discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content through a powerful research and teaching
platform, and preserves this content for future generations. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit
organization that also includes Ithaka S+R and Portico. For more information about JSTOR, please
contact support@jstor.org.
VIII.— DKAVIDIAN NEGATION.
In spoken English there is a word, commonly doubled to
express disapproval or negation, which we may transcribe a! or
a! (nasalized), writing / in accordance with Sweet's notation
to mark glottal stoppage. 1 Early Dravidian seems to have had
a similar negative. Kui uses it in ale (no), and as a suffix in
verbs. The order of the suffixes, with the negation standing
first, shows that the negative-stems are older than the tense-
stems. In the imperative the vowel of the negation is kept:
sidu (give), neg. slaltu. Otherwise in the present, where the
affirmative and the negative have different sets of endings, the
negation is reduced to the consonant / after a vowel, and may
be lost after a consonant: sine (gives), neg. slle; site (gave),
neg. smite;, side (is not), past sidalte. The first mention of
Kui / seems to occur in Friend-Pereira's Grammar (Calcutta,
1909) ; it is ignored in the account of Kui given by the Lin-
guistic Survey of India, vol. 4 (Calcutta, 1906).
In Malto the negative is formed with I: bande (draw), past
bandah, neg. past bandlah; mene (be), neg. present menolah
or menomalah. The future may have either the Z-suffix com-
bined with personal endings, or mala following the affirmative
forms. The word mala (not) is apparently derived from *al!a,
with m added from mene; the Z-suffix represents stressless
*al!a, a verb with the ancient negation, presumably connected
with Brahui a-, al-, ar- (be).
In Kurukh a few verbs take the negative-suffix I, but gener-
ally the negative is indicated by a word corresponding to Malto
mala : mal or mala, with an evidently older variant malla.
The consonant / has been lost elsewhere in Dravidian, and
the negative-suffix appears as a simple vowel, *al!a being repre-
sented by Brahui alia- (was not), Kanara alia, Tamil alia, and
G6ndi halle with analogic h. 2
Edwin H. Tuttle.
North Haven. Conn.
1 Sweet, Sounds of English, § 138 (Oxford, 1908).
2 American Journal of Philology, vol. 40, p. 82.
362
