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REVIEWS. 185
A careful examination of the names of the original plots and
of the possessors of Trajan's day shows that the earlier owners
in the mountains were largely Ligurians and Celts and that
these were replaced to a considerable extent by Latin immigrants
(Veleia was not a colony) and by freedmen bearing Greek and
Oriental names. In fact some of the wealthiest landlords of
Trajan's day prove to have been of this latter class. Persicus,
for instance, had accumulated a plantation of what once made
up twenty-five different plots.
In chapter VII De Pachtehe proves that after 102 A. D.
the emperor's commissioners allowed to owners 8.05% of the
value of estates in rural credits. By establishing this fact he is
able to make a dozen simple and convincing emendations of the
numerals on the stone : e. g. in item IV he changes L to V ; in
item V he writes L for I, etc. He then shows that the credits
were assigned on the basis of the estimated values of the whole
estate in each case, and that the separate values of parcels of
estates, which often give a different sum-total, have nothing to
do with the assignment of credits. Such values are merely
records of the last previous selling-price and are retained on the
document to serve as a basis for future estimates of liabilities
to the state in case the parcels should again change hands.
These are only a few of the many discoveries that De Pach-
tere has made. The essay is one of the keenest studies that
we have recently had in the domain of Eoman history and will
probably be the final word on most of the questions raised by
the Veleian inscriptions. The young author, who had he lived
would undoubtedly have become a leader in historical research,
fell at the head of his troops on the Salonica front in September,
1916.
Tennet Fbank.
Johns Hopkins University.
Un Correspondant de Ciceron: Ap. Claudius Pulcher. Par
L. A. Constats. Paris : E. de Boccard, 1921. Pp. vi +
138.
Appius Claudius, the father-in-law of Brutus, was a very
ordinary Eoman patrician who reached the consulship (54
B.C.) and censorship solely by virtue of his ancestry. We
should have little knowledge of him had he not crossed Cicero's
path. As a brother of the infamous Clodius he had several
opportunities to do Cicero harm, and as Cicero's predecessor in
the governorship of Cilicia he caused mischief to the provincials
that Cicero had to repair. It is probable that M. Constan3
186 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGY.
chose this man as subject of a study not because of the signifi-
cance of the man but because Cicero's speeches and correspond-
ence contained a mass of material available for a study. His
biography is indeed fair and judicious, but it adds nothing new
to our knowledge of the period. Where a careful analysis of
Cicero's letters might have offered some new results, as for
instance in the treatment of the Salaminians by the agents of
Brutus, Constans (p. 92) follows the unsatisfactory traditional
accounts without question.
Tenney Frank.
Johns Hopkins University.
A Lithuanian Etymological Index. Based upon Brugmann's
Grundriss and the etymological dictionaries of TJhlenbeck
(Sanskrit), Kluge (German), Feist (Gothic), Berneker
(Slavic), Walde (Latin), and Boisacq (Greek). By Harold
H. Bender, Ph. D.
Anyone who, like the reviewer, occasionally offers a course in
Lithuanian for students of comparative philology, knows what
a handicap it is that there is no etymological dictionary of the
language and how much time is consumed in hunting down the
scattered etymological discussions which include Lithuanian
words. While Professor Bender does not as yet give us the
desired etymological dictionary of Lithuanian, the Etymological
Index is a most welcome aid, with its systematic exploitation of
Brugmann's Grundriss and selected etymological dictionaries of
other Indo-European languages. For without doubt the great
majority of Lithuanian etymologies that are obviously correct
or reasonably probable are to be found in one or another of
these works, and with the aid of the Index can be located at once.
In the selection of etymological dictionaries to be cited only
the choice for the Germanic group is at all doubtful. One
might wish that in addition to Feist, and in place of Kluge,
the fuller and more important Norwegian-Danish etymological
dictionary of Falk and Torp, in the German edition of 1910,
had been used. The fact that Berneker's Slavisches Etymolo-
gisches Woerterbuch has not progressed beyond m is a mis-
fortune which makes the Index unbalanced in the matter of
the many words that have clear cognates only in Slavic. For
Slavic loanwords, too, the references to Brueckner, Die slavischen
Fremdwoerter im Litauischen, are apparently restricted to those
words which find a place in the Index on account of their occur-
rence in the main works cited. Thus migdala 'almond' is
included because it is mentioned by Berneker under migdalu,
while mislis 'thought,' mlslyju 'think,' which the beginner in
